Spring data JPA: how to enable cascading delete without a reference to the child in the parent?

Maybe this is an overly simple question, but I am getting an exception when I try to delete a user entity.

The user entity:

@Entity
@Table(name = "users")
public class User 
{
    @Transient
    private static final int SALT_LENGTH = 32;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private int id;

    @NotNull
    private String firstName;

    @NotNull
    private String lastName;

    @Column(unique = true, length = 254)
    @NotNull
    private String email;

    // BCrypt outputs 60 character results.
    @Column(length = 60)
    private String hashedPassword;

    @NotNull
    private String salt;

    private boolean enabled;

    @CreationTimestamp
    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
    @Column(updatable = false)
    private Date createdDate;

JavaScript
​x
 
@Entity@Table(name = "users")public class User {    @Transient    private static final int SALT_LENGTH = 32;​    @Id    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)    private int id;​    @NotNull    private String firstName;​    @NotNull    private String lastName;​    @Column(unique = true, length = 254)    @NotNull    private String email;​    // BCrypt outputs 60 character results.    @Column(length = 60)    private String hashedPassword;​    @NotNull    private String salt;​    private boolean enabled;​    @CreationTimestamp    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)    @Column(updatable = false)    private Date createdDate;​

And I have an entity class which references a user with a foreign key. What I want to happen is that when the user is deleted, any PasswordResetToken objects that reference the user are also deleted. How can I do this?

@Entity
@Table(name = "password_reset_tokens")
public class PasswordResetToken 
{
    private static final int EXPIRATION_TIME = 1; // In minutes

    private static final int RESET_CODE_LENGTH = 10;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private int id;

    private String token;

    @OneToOne(targetEntity = User.class, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    @JoinColumn(nullable = false, name = "userId")
    private User user;

    private Date expirationDate;

JavaScript
 
@Entity@Table(name = "password_reset_tokens")public class PasswordResetToken {    private static final int EXPIRATION_TIME = 1; // In minutes​    private static final int RESET_CODE_LENGTH = 10;​    @Id    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)    private int id;​    private String token;​    @OneToOne(targetEntity = User.class, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)    @JoinColumn(nullable = false, name = "userId")    private User user;​    private Date expirationDate;​

The exception I am getting boils down to Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`heroku_bc5bfe73a752182`.`password_reset_tokens`, CONSTRAINT `FKk3ndxg5xp6v7wd4gjyusp15gq` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users` (`id`))

I’d like to avoid adding a reference to PasswordResetToken in the parent entity, becaue User shouldn’t need to know anything about PasswordResetToken.

Answer

It is not possible on JPA level without creating a bidirectional relation. You need to specify cascade type in User class. User should be owner of the relation and it should provide the information on how to deal with related PasswordResetToken.

But if you cannot have a bidirectional relation I would recommend you to setup relation directly in schema generation SQL script.

If you create your schema via SQL script and not via JPA autogeneration (I believe all serious projects must follow this pattern) you can add ON DELETE CASCADE constraint there.

It will look somehow like this:

CREATE TABLE password_reset_tokens (
  -- columns declaration here
  user_id INT(11) NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT FK_PASSWORD_RESET_TOKEN_USER_ID
  FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users (id)
    ON DELETE CASCADE
);

JavaScript
 
CREATE TABLE password_reset_tokens (  -- columns declaration here  user_id INT(11) NOT NULL,  CONSTRAINT FK_PASSWORD_RESET_TOKEN_USER_ID  FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users (id)    ON DELETE CASCADE);​

Here is the documentation on how to use DB migration tools with spring boot. And here is the information on how to generate schema script from hibernate (that will simplify the process of writing your own script).

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Answer