JPA @Version field doesn’t get incremented

I’m new to JPA and Hibernate and I have a problem with optimistic locking. I have a class which has an @Version annotated field. When I update the Entity represented by this class, the version counter does not increase. Here is my code: The class:

@Entity
@Table (name = "Studenten")
public class Student implements Serializable{

private static final long serialVersionUID = 705252921575133272L;

@Version
private int version;
private int matrnr;
private String name;
private int semester;


public Student (){
    
}
public Student (int matrnr, String name){
    this.matrnr = matrnr;
    this.name = name;
}

public Student (int matrnr, String name, int semester){
    this(matrnr, name);
    this.semester = semester;
}

and here is the main method:

public static void main(String[] args) {
    EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("VEDA_Vortrag");
    EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
    
    EntityTransaction tx = em.getTransaction();
    
    try{
        tx.begin();
        Student s = em.find(Student.class, 195948);
        s.setSemester(1);
        em.persist(s);
        tx.commit();
    }catch(Exception e){
        if(tx != null && tx.isActive()){
            tx.rollback();
            System.out.println("Error in Transaction. Rollback!");
        }
    }
    finally{
        em.close();
        emf.close();
    }
}

and here is what the console says:

Hibernate: 
select
    student0_.matrnr as matrnr0_0_,
    student0_.name as name0_0_,
    student0_.semester as semester0_0_,
    student0_.version as version0_0_ 
from
    Studenten student0_ 
where
    student0_.matrnr=?
Hibernate: 
    update
        Studenten 
    set
        name=?,
        semester=?,
        version=? 
    where
        matrnr=?

Can somebody tell me what’s wrong?

Edit: ok, I have tried something. I’ve set the locking to LockModeType.OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT and got this Error-Message:

ERROR: HHH000099: an assertion failure occurred (this may indicate a bug in Hibernate, but is more likely due to unsafe use of the session): org.hibernate.AssertionFailure: cannot force version increment on non-versioned entity
Jun 20, 2014 9:00:52 AM org.hibernate.AssertionFailure <init>

So it seems clear that I have a non-versioned entity. But why? I have the @Version Annotation in my class.

Edit: I begin to think that the problem is in the persistence.xml. Here it is:

<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"
    version="2.0">
<persistence-unit name="VEDA_Vortrag">
    <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
    <properties>
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/uni"/>
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="*******"/>
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="******"/>
        <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"/>
        <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
        <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/>
    </properties>
</persistence-unit>

Is there anything wrong?

Answer

The entityManager.persist() method is meant to be used only for new entities that have never been persisted before.

Because you are fetching an entity you don’t need to call persist or merge anyway. The dirty checking will do the update on your behalf.

The commit will trigger the flush anyway so you should see the update.

Make sure you use the javax.persistence.Version annotation and not from another package (spring data or something similar).