Is there a material difference between pop() and remove() in Java ArrayDeque?

Both remove and pop remove and return an element from the front of the Queue. They both throw an exception if there’s an empty Queue.

Answer

There is no difference. In fact, pop() and remove() methods both call removeFirst. See https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/master/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/ArrayDeque.java

public E remove() {
    return removeFirst();
}

public E pop() {
    return removeFirst();
}